Which of the following activities meets the definition of human subjects research under the Common Rule?

The correct choice encompasses all the mentioned activities because they all fit the definition of human subjects research as outlined by the Common Rule. Under this regulation, human subjects research is defined as research that involves a living individual about whom an investigator obtains data through interaction or intervention or obtains identifiable private information.

Interacting with a living individual refers to engaging with subjects for the purpose of gathering information or data, which is a fundamental component of human subjects research. This interaction can take various forms, such as interviews, surveys, or physical examinations.

Having living individuals take part in a research intervention means that the research involves some kind of manipulation or treatment that influences the participants. This is also directly aligned with the definition of human subjects research, as it implies that the participants are being affected in some manner as part of the study's goals.

Manipulating a living individual's environment involves making changes to the conditions in which the subject exists or interacts with in order to observe results or gather data. This manipulation can produce outcomes that provide insights for the research questions being explored, thereby qualifying it under the same regulatory framework.

Thus, all the described activities are integral to human subjects research as they involve direct or indirect interaction with living individuals and seek to collect data that pertains to those individuals. This