What is the difference between 'assent' and 'consent'?

The distinction between 'assent' and 'consent' is fundamental in research involving human subjects, particularly when it comes to age and capacity to understand the implications of participation. Assent refers specifically to the agreement provided by minors or individuals who may not have the legal capacity to give consent. This means that even though they cannot legally consent, their willingness to participate must still be obtained, reflecting their agreement to take part in the research.

On the other hand, consent is the formal agreement that is legally binding and can only be given by adults who possess the capacity to understand the research procedures and their potential risks and benefits. This legal framework ensures that participants fully understand what their involvement in a study entails and can make an informed choice about their participation.

This distinction is critical because it emphasizes the need for researchers to communicate clearly and appropriately with minors or those who might not fully understand the research, fostering respect for their autonomy while also adhering to legal requirements for obtaining consent from adults.