What is a vulnerable population in research?

A vulnerable population in research refers to groups that may experience increased risks related to coercion or undue influence during the research process. This characterization arises from their specific circumstances, which may limit their ability to provide informed consent or make autonomous decisions. Vulnerable populations can include children, elderly individuals, cognitively impaired persons, economically disadvantaged individuals, or those lacking social support, all of whom may be more susceptible to pressure or persuasion.

Recognizing this vulnerability is crucial for ethical research conduct, as it prompts researchers to implement additional safeguards and ensure that the rights and welfare of these individuals are adequately protected. Different populations might require tailored consent processes or enhanced oversight to minimize risks associated with participation in research studies.

The other options do not accurately represent the concept of vulnerability in research. High socioeconomic status or full legal capacity often confers greater autonomy and decision-making power, which typically reduces the likelihood of coercion. Researchers with unconflicted interests are assumed to engage in ethically sound practices, thereby not belonging to vulnerable populations.