What does the term "protocol" refer to in research studies?

The term "protocol" in research studies refers to a detailed plan outlining the study design and methodology. A research protocol is essentially the blueprint for a study, providing comprehensive information on how the research is to be conducted. This includes the study's objectives, the specific procedures to be followed, the roles and responsibilities of researchers, data collection methods, and how the results will be analyzed.

Having a well-defined protocol is critical for ensuring that the research is conducted consistently, ethically, and with reproducibility in mind. It serves to guide researchers through their investigative process, helping to ensure that all necessary steps are taken to maintain the integrity of the study.

While ethical guidelines are essential for protecting participants, these serve a different purpose than the protocol itself. Similarly, a summary of research findings relates to the outcomes of a completed study rather than the initial plans or methodologies. Participant recruitment mechanisms, while important, are just a single aspect of the broader protocol that encompasses all aspects of the study.