What does 'justice' refer to in the context of human research ethics?

In the context of human research ethics, 'justice' refers specifically to the fair distribution of the benefits and burdens of research. This principle emphasizes that all individuals or groups should be treated equitably in terms of research participation, benefits, and risks. Justice ensures that certain populations are not exploited for research, and that groups who are likely to bear the burden of research risks also benefit from the findings. This is foundational in preventing discrimination and promoting fairness within research practices.

While ensuring financial compensation may seem relevant, it does not capture the broader ethical principle of justice as described. The obligation to respect participant wishes relates more to the autonomy principle, which is distinct from justice. Transparency with funding sources is about integrity and accountability in research rather than the equitable treatment of research participants. Thus, the principle of justice is primarily focused on fairness in how research impacts various groups involved.